Gulzar, R., Ibrahim, M. H., & Abdul Kareem, M. A. (2021). Islamic banks: history, stability and lessons from cooperative banking. Institutions and Economies, 13 (3), pp. 1-26.
“…cooperative banks are known to accumulate capital at a lower cost than shareholder banks because they only need to remunerate the portion of reserves that are the members’ capital.
Even then, the percentage of dividends, as mentioned, is often limited by law. This allows them to reach comfortable levels of liquidity and become net lenders in the interbank market. Rating agencies note these features, together with the banks’ legally binding collective guarantee schemes which reduce the risk of an individual bank failure.”
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“Chinese exports to the United States are expected to fall by 77 percent in 2025, according to World Trade Organization forecasts. Meanwhile, Chinese imports are expected to increase to every other market, with the rest of North America predicted to see growth of 25 percent. South America is expected to...”
Fleck, A. (April 17, 2025). WTO: Chinese Exports to U.S. Expected to Drop by 77% [Digital image]. Retrieved April 21, 2025, from https://ezproxy.inceif.edu.my:2352/chart/34324/projected-changes-in-merchandise-exports-to-the-us-and-imports-from-china/
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